Fresh IPs send tiny volumes (a few hundred/day) and slowly scale up. Send 100k from day-one and Gmail's spam filter slams you for a month.
Warming curves (rough industry consensus):
| Day | Daily volume per IP | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 50 | All to most-engaged recipients |
| 2 | 100 | |
| 3 | 500 | |
| 5 | 1,000 | |
| 7 | 2,500 | |
| 14 | 10,000 | |
| 21 | 50,000 | |
| 30 | 100,000+ | Fully warm for most ESPs |
During warming you MUST:
- Send to your most engaged segment first.
- Maintain bounce rate <2% and complaint rate <0.1%.
- Send consistent volumes — gaps look like signs of compromise.
- Sign with DKIM, align SPF + From, publish DMARC.
KumoMTA's job: enforce the daily caps and rotate through the warming pool so no single IP exceeds its bucket.
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